Cornell-style notes: original planning worksheet Topic: Question: Source, session and locator: Repeat for each idea Cue or question: Notes in your own words: Source locator: Uncertainty or check: Summary connecting the main ideas: Recall attempt with notes covered: What to correct after checking the source: Next review task: Keep a transcript, paraphrase and your own interpretation distinct. This worksheet does not verify the source or promise a learning result. Follow your course's instructions. --- Original worked example --- Original constructed practice lecture. No real club, participants, measurements, study or product test is reported. Topic: Association is not a causal conclusion Question: What can an observed association establish, and what remains unresolved? Practice lecture, entirely constructed: (1) Imagine a campus club notices that members who attend more discussion sessions also report reading more pages. (2) This describes an association in the imagined record; it does not show that attendance caused the extra reading. (3) Prior interest could influence both attending and reading, and keen readers might choose to attend more often. (4) No random assignment, time-ordered comparison or measurement procedure is supplied in this example. (5) A causal explanation would need evidence that addresses plausible alternatives, with a design appropriate to the question. (6) Do not infer that the sessions are useless: this record leaves their causal effect unresolved. Cue: What is the association? Note: More session attendance and more reported reading occur together in the imagined record. This does not establish the direction or cause of the relationship. Locator: Practice lecture, sentences 1–2 Check: Keep 'reported' and 'imagined'; do not turn the scenario into measured research. Cue: What alternative explanations are possible? Note: Prior interest might affect both activities. People who already read more might choose to attend more sessions. Locator: Practice lecture, sentence 3 Check: These are possible explanations, not causes established by the example. Cue: What would a causal claim need to address? Note: The example supplies no procedure or comparison capable of resolving the alternatives. A suitable design would need to address them. Locator: Practice lecture, sentences 4–5 Check: Do not prescribe one design as sufficient for every question; no real investigation is described here. Cue: Does lack of a causal conclusion mean no effect? Note: No. The example leaves the effect unresolved; it does not establish that sessions help or that they are useless. Locator: Practice lecture, sentence 6 Check: Do not replace an unsupported positive claim with an unsupported negative one. Summary: The constructed record describes an association between attendance and reported reading. Prior interest and selection are possible alternatives to attendance causing reading. The example cannot establish a benefit, harm or absence of effect. Unresolved: No actual measurements, sampling details or investigation are supplied. The example is for practising note structure and qualified interpretation, not evaluating a real intervention. Recall question: Without viewing the notes, name two alternative explanations for the association and explain why this example cannot establish that sessions help or are useless. Possible answer: Prior interest could affect both attending and reading; people who already read more might select into attendance. The constructed record has no procedure that resolves these alternatives, so its causal effect remains undecided. Review: Cover the note column, answer one cue aloud or in writing, then uncover it and compare with the numbered practice passage. Mark an omitted qualification and try that cue again later.